20006, Florida If you've had a heart attack with no insurance, you have rights and options. For Diane, the void Mark left in her world is enormous. There he was, all 6 feet of him ready to practice, his usual, happy self. In a study that Martinez co-published in March in the American Medical Associations journal JAMA, fewer than 1% of athletes who had COVID-19 were found to have inflammatory heart disease. is he up yet?" However, Italian medical authorities banned him from playing in Italy with his club team Inter Milan, leading him to sign with Brentford in the United Kingdoms Premier League. Phelan D, Kim JH, Chung EH. Genetic testing in this condition does not impact management in most cases. Multiple studies of cardiac outcomes in athletes previously infected with SARS-Co-V2 have been conducted since September 2020 (Table 1) and have shown variable prevalence estimates of cardiac involvement ranging from 0-15%. Sudden cardiac arrest during participation in competitive sports. Inflammation and problems with the immune system can also happen. "They passed every physicaland never complained.". Zac told his mom he loved her, too.. "And I said, 'Ilove you too.'". Sergio Agero: 33-year-old Argentine soccer pro suffers heart arrhythmia. All rights reserved. American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (AHA), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Mark collapsed going to get that drink. The morning of Jan. 23, 2017, Diane Mayfield was texting her son before school. Our only agenda is to publish the truth so you can be an informed participant in democracy. Julie and Teresa have set up foundations that offer heart screenings and CPR training in honor of their sons.After Markdied, Diane got a job issuing CPR cards with the American Heart Association training center forSouth Bend. One of the first hurdles to get over is the average person's fear of using an AED, said Aerts. ", In some cases, however, genetic testing can dictate management. Jake would be 25 years old. "If your son or daughter has symptoms that don't seem right, goget them evaluated," he said. But Teresa, thinking she was shieldinghim from a more dangerous sport, bribed him. Even an AED wouldn't have saved his life; he died in his sleep. Zac was a leader in his class, rankedin the top 10. Courtney was in college when her brother died.She, too, was an athlete, a volleyball player who had never had any signs or symptoms.Within a month and a half of losing Jake, Courtney learned she hadthe exact same condition as her brother. Maek A, Marczak M, Miosz-Wieczorek B, et al. Sanchis-Gomar F, Joyner MJ, Lllgen H, Lucia A. Confounders in the evaluation of cardiac fibrosis by late gadolinium enhancement. As an example, an athlete's mother is clinically diagnosed with ARVC and has the causal gene, the athlete is then screened and all clinical tests are normal. Even those with In a 2021 study, researchers looked at the incidence of sudden cardiac arrest in athletes ages 11 to 29 in the United States over 4 years. There he was, her middle child, the glue that bonded his older sister and younger brother together. "It's just different. It changes the whole dynamic about everything. He never wasted a moment and he was always looking for the next bit of fun that could be had. However, urgent care centers do not treat. The COVID-19 disease and vaccine have, very rarely, led to heart problems. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook. Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, Invasive Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention, Pulmonary Hypertension and Venous Thromboembolism, ACC Anywhere: The Cardiology Video Library, CardioSource Plus for Institutions and Practices, Annual Scientific Session and Related Events, ACC Quality Improvement for Institutions Program, National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR), Hemodynamic-Guided HF Management: GUIDE-HF Trial Analysis, Impact of Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Mitral Repair on GDMT Uptitration, Cover Story | Structural Heart Intervention: A Peek at the Future, Feature | Hearts and the Arts: A Conversation With Barbra Streisand, Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, Invasive Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention, Pulmonary Hypertension and Venous Thromboembolism. People say time softensthe grief, but not for her. He'd probably boughttwo lunches that day or maybe chipped in to buy abuddy an extra slice of pizza. Prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance tissue characterization in risk stratifying patients with suspected myocarditis. A game plan for the resumption of sport and exercise after Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Dr. Papadakis noted: "We used to be very conservative but now our advice is more liberal. Croatian football player Marin Cacic died of a heart attack, and shortly afterward Serbian football player Nemanja Mirosavljevic. Among them are coronary artery disease, heart attack, enlarged heart, valvular heart disease, a heart defect present at birthand electrical problems in the heart. "Undetected heart conditionswere not on our radar at all becausewe had healthy boys," said Julie. We need your help. "But I thought, 'Well, I need to know. Foods that lower your risk of heart disease are also likely to support athletic performance and overall health. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in competitive athletes recovering from COVID-19 infection. Turkowski KL, et al. Vocal Tract Size, Shape Dictate Speech Sounds, Virtual Reality Games Can Be Used as a Tool in Personnel Assessment, Edible Electronics: How a Seaweed Second Skin Could Transform Health and Fitness Sensor Tech, Previously Unrecognized Genetic Mutation May Underlie Some Cases of Sudden Infant Death, Nearly One in Five Patients Who Die from Unexplained Sudden Cardiac Death Have Suspicious Gene, Study Finds, Controlling Cardiac Waves With Light to Better Understand Abnormally Rapid Heart Rhythms, Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death With Genome Editing, CCPA/CPRA: Do Not Sell or Share My Information. Asymptomatic athletes judged to be at low risk can potentially participate in competitive sports after an informed discussion with their doctor. In a world of wild talk and fake news, help us stand up for the facts. El nuevo WhatsApp de 2023 permite ver con quin estn hablando tus contactos en vivo. "And that requires immediate attentionor the athlete dies.". Medical professionals pinpointed Zac's time of death based on his body temperature. noted the diagnostic yield of CMR was 4.2 times higher for a clinically indicated CMR versus a screening CMR.15 Of note, the Lake Louise Criteria were developed for patients with a clinical presentation consistent with myocarditis, not asymptomatic individuals. She left pieces of paper out for people to write their memories of Mark. The hidden fragility in the heart of the athletes: A review of genetic biomarkers. Questions? "And in four years, he was gone," she said. Croatian football player Marin Cacic died of a heart attack, and shortly afterward Serbian football player Sudden cardiac death in athletes: From the basics to the practical work-up. Read on as we explore why athletes develop cardiac arrest and what they can do to lower the risk. The pain is just as harsh, just as gut-wrenching, just as sharp," she said."You just have to live for your boys because that's what they want for us. At the wake, Diane brought Skittles because they were Mark's favorite candy. "I should only know Zac because he's running his mom's business now and Jake because he's in college and Mark because he's playing baseball somewhere and we are so proud of them. Lavigne P, Schlabach M. Heart condition linked with COVID-19 fuels Power 5 concern about season's viability (. As important as having AEDs on hand and CPR training is the response, said Kean, who is leading the Indiana affiliate of Project Adam. The fact is that the number of heart attacks of young athletes is much higher than it used to be, and the fact is that no one has an answer: Why? The development of the heart changes as kids grow. Courtesy of Gagel AC, Sharma G, Blumenthal RS, Martinez MW. About 2,000 people younger than 25 die each year from sudden cardiac arrest, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. "And the last thing you think about at the end of the day and all in between.". Since 1982, Italian law has required pre-participation screening with an ECG for competitive sports practice. "We don't want any other family to feel what we feel," Julie said.. Zac was the middle childof older sister, Jillian, and younger brother, Matthew. If Julie had had one, she might have saved Jake's life. Had AEDs been on hand, had they been aware ofthe signs and symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest, had they known the rules on heart screenings, their sons might be alive. "If Mark was my only child, I don't know if I'dbe here,honestly," said Diane. International recommendations for electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes. Incidence, etiology, and comparative frequency of sudden cardiac death in NCAA athletes: A decade in review. Dr. Papadakis pointed out: "The psychological impact of a positive genetic test result may be significant for the child, especially if this leads to sports exclusion even in the absence of clinical disease such as in ARVC. Potential cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients is concerning and warrants diagnostic investigation. You've got to get up now." He was hilarious, his mom said, and could light up any room. Sudden cardiac death in athletes. All rights reserved. After Mark's death, when they went to look for an AED at New Prairie, they found it withdead batteries, under popcorn by the microwave, locked inside the concession stand., With Aerts pushing, New Prairie recently became the state's first Heart Safe Schoolthrough Project Adam, whichhelpsto implement a plan at schoolsto respond to a sudden cardiac arrest.. Materials provided by European Society of Cardiology. Organ damage could play a role. Table 1: Studies in COVID-19-Positive Athletes, Summary of Key Findings. "Abnormal" findings concerning for myocarditis can be normal variants in athletes, and several clinical challenges may arise in differentiating normal exercise-induced cardiac changes from pathologic insults as a consequence of COVID-19 infection. These momsare on a missionto raise awareness of sudden cardiac arrest, its signs and symptoms, to push forAEDs in schools and on sports fields, to advocate CPR training and heart screenings for athletes. Julie is so grateful now that Jake needed money that afternoon, so grateful she got to see him alive one last time. All had normal TnI level and no ECG or TTE findings; 15% had CMR findings suggestive of myocarditis (T2 signal an LGE); 2 athletes with +CMR were asymptomatic. Much of the rise in heart attacks at a young age can be attributed to lifestyle changes, like: More time sitting in front of a computer screen. An AED could possibly havesaved Jake's life. The four women have been advocating for and offering CPR training, pushingfor working AEDs in all places sports are played or practiced and educating students, parents and coaches about the signs and symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest. Researchers believe the most common congenital heart conditions that lead to cardiac arrest in athletes in the United States are: Theres some debate whether HCM really is the most common cause. Last medically reviewed on June 15, 2022. The athlete has two choices: 1) clinical monitoring, probably annually, to check for signs of disease; or 2) genetic testing. (AP). Reach her via email: dbenbow@indystar.com. Up to 80% of athletes who die suddenly had no symptoms or family history of heart disease. What Happens If You Have a Heart Attack with No Insurance? The exercise prescription should be as specific as possible and outline how often, for how long, at what intensity, and which exercise or sport is safe. Jake died of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC),adisease of the heart muscle. Having a certified athletic trainer and defibrillator on-site is linked to a much higher chance of survival after sudden cardiac arrest. Recent data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes suggests that the most common finding at autopsy for SCD cases was a structurally MacLachlan H, et al. They worry they have to be medical personnel to use it; they don't. (2022). Acquired conditions are those that develop through your life. "But it's tragic in a much more personalway. When the team ended their century-long drought andwon the World Series in 2016, Mark was ecstatic. Hendrickson BS, Stephens RE, Chang JV, et al. For athletes testing positive for COVID-19 via polymerase chain reaction assay, cardiac screening was performed a mean (SD) of 19 (17) days (range, 3-156 days) 801 3rd St. S Native T. Abnormal screening identified in 30 (3.8%; tn-I, 6 [0.8%]; ECG, 10 [1.3%]; TTE, 20 [2.5%]). 2023 www.indystar.com. "Ithought anything that Iwould feel playing was normal to me," she said. A 2021 observational study involving 1,597 athletes who had COVID-19 found that 37 of them ( 2.3%) had diagnosable myocarditis and possible myocarditis. He wrestled, played football and basketball, but baseball was where he really shined. Brain Circuits for Locomotion Came Before Ingestible 'Electroceutical' Capsule Stimulates Hunger-Regulating Hormone, Cannabinoids Give Worms the Munchies, Too, Chitin from Consuming Insects Can Help Both Gut Microbiota and Global Health, Brain Circuits for Locomotion Evolved Long Before Appendages and Skeletons, Nanowire Networks Learn and Remember Like a Human Brain. (2020). WebThe reports of athletes who suddenly collapse have been increasing noticeably lately. Athletes in the video did not all collapse from COVID-19 vaccines, and leading sports cardiologists we reached out to said they havent seen athletes collapse after getting vaccinated for COVID-19. Dutch speed skater Kjeld Nuis, 32, who is also included, did have a heart problem in July 2021 a week after he received the COVID-19 vaccine, according to news coverage at the time. He and his sister Jillian went to their grandma'sfor breakfast. Diane will never take that conversation for granted. "24-year-old hockey player dies after collapsing on ice in cardiac arrest 80% of league is vaccinated," read one headline, which we found had been pulled from a website called Team Tucker Carlson. It isn't clear how long these effects might last. The video mentions Danish soccer player Christian Eriksen, 29, who, according to his team director, wasnt vaccinated for COVID-19 when he collapsed June 12. Abdullah SM, Barkley KW, Bhella PS, et al. These bad habits are starting in early childhood now, notes Dr. Laffin. CMR abnormalities found in 5 (19%) athletes, 4 with isolated myocardial edema and 1 with LGE with pleural and pericardial effusion. Barretta F, et al. He was pronounced dead at hishome by the coroner. "So, Ijust jumped in my car and flew, of course, like a crazy woman and got there," she said,"and he was already in the ambulance.". 46 of 54 underwent CMR. All you could do was beg, beg. Symptomatic individuals diagnosed with myocarditis of any etiology have higher rates of all-cause mortality independent of clinical symptoms, though it is unclear whether these rates extend to athletes with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic disease.25, Daniels et al. How can athletes lower their risk for sudden cardiac arrest? There is no reason to adopt ECGs and abandon American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology history and physical screening for detection of cardiovascular disease in the young. In Italy, the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes is arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Eriksen returned to football 8 months after his sudden cardiac arrest. After his mom left, he headed to practice. Jake played varsity football and lacrosse. "Little did I know. 21/2999 had abnormal (0.7%), 24/2719 had elevated Tn-I (0.9%), and 24/2556 had abnormal TTE (0.9%). "Everything's different," she said. He went up to his room to sleep. Mark Mayfield had begged his mom to let him live with his older sister just a mileaway from his parents' home. Can we see many irregularities of the heart rhythm (arrhythmias) and do they get worse during exercise? 2023 Healthline Media LLC. Deletions from the Genome, End for Indus Megacities: Prolonged Droughts. Figure 1: RTP Guidelines in COVID-19-Positive Athletes. As the medical staff rushed to the field to administer defibrillation, teammates gathered around to shield Eriksen from the view of nearly 14,000 fans in attendance. 2 (1.4%) had cardiac MRI findings consistent with myocarditis. Baggish AL, Battle RW, Beaver TA, et al. Julie tried to get to Jake but medical personnel wouldn't let her. Generally, sudden cardiac death in athletes, according to Dartmouth-Hitchcock Sports Cardiology, is rare. Some companies may offer coverage at higher rates or with special rules you must follow. "Four voicesare better than just our own.". More than 80 percent of people were male, and the average age was 16.6 years. Is this really my world?'" CMR in COVID-19 Positive Athletes - The Data Thus Far CMR: Cardiac MRI, TnI: Troponin-I, TTE: Transthoracic Echocardiogram, LGE: Late Gadolinium Enhancement, ECG: Electrocardiogram. Is the heart excessively weak or thick? -- Indiana recently signed into law HB1040, a law that mandates school corporationsprovideeducational literature to families, athletesand coaches about sudden cardiac arrest,its signs and symptoms and how to react should an athlete show symptoms, including immediately removing them from practice or play. Post-viral myocarditis is a well-documented cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes.1,2 Myocarditis is often suspected but rarely confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), which has created a need for noninvasive diagnostic criteria to guide recommendations for athletic participation and return to play (RTP) protocols. When Diane got the call that Mark was down in the hallway after that intramural basketball game, she never imagined a heart issue. An EKG is a frequently used heart function test that can reveal important information about a current or past heart attack. Having a heart attack with no insurance can be expensive in the U.S. Reassuringly, no deaths were attributed to COVID-19-related myocarditis in these studies. "It was horrible. "Up to 80% of athletes who die suddenly had no symptoms or family history of heart disease." When can I return to sports after a cardiac event? "We have no data to suggest that the frequency of sudden cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death in athletes is higher now than it was in the past," said Emery. The symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest, unfortunately, overlap with what many athletes feel almost every day, said Kovacs.Shortness of breath, chest pain, a very fast heartbeat. As he grew older, Mark,the fifth of eight children, played every sport. Heart attack cases. Heres how medical emergencies like that are. A universal screening approach with CMR in COVID-19-positive athletes places unnecessary stress on healthcare resources with potential for false positives and harm without known benefit. (2020). In a 2019 study, researchers found overall survival among athletes who had sudden cardiac arrest was 48 percent. ", Zac Mago got up that morning of July 5, after his mom had peeked in on him. "I just thought it was anything but a heart thing," said Diane. Why not me?' One example is long QT syndrome (LQTS), which is an inherited electrical fault of the heart. Studies of cardiac injury in athletes infected with SARS-Co-V2 have shown variable prevalence estimates of cardiac involvement ranging from 0-15% with no reported instances of sudden cardiac death. Having a heart attack on a plane or while in an airport is associated with a better chance of survival than having a heart emergency in other, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Washington, DC -- Email Indiana's Project Adam affiliate atprojectadam@iuhealth.org, -- Learn more at the Play for Jake Foundationhttps://playforjake.org/and Zac Mago Foundation.https://zacmagofoundation.org/. Jake, Zac and Mark all died of sudden cardiac arrest. Drezner JA, et al. During the match at the European Championship, Christian Eriksen collapsed and the stadium fell silent for a minute. He's 17," she said. Teresa joked with him, holding up a Bacardi Breezer bottle. We hope that this year we will not hear the same information and that such tragic news will finally come to an end. Most of the time, these changes arent excessive. Danish soccer player Christian Eriksen getting help from medics after he collapsed on June 12, 2021. Get the latest science news in your RSS reader with ScienceDaily's hourly updated newsfeeds, covering hundreds of topics: Keep up to date with the latest news from ScienceDaily via social networks: Tell us what you think of ScienceDaily -- we welcome both positive and negative comments. In these times of crisis, many TV houses, websites, and others spread the news, and many people around the planet had their own versions what led to so many collapses. A video shared widely on social media flashes through dozens of news clips of athletes who reportedly collapsed and, in some cases, died of heart problems. Cardiac MRI (CMR) is most useful in athletes with high pretest probability for SARS-CoV-2 cardiac involvement based on the presence of cardiopulmonary symptoms and/or abnormalities on cardiac testing. Careful evaluation from a medical professional is needed before you can return to sport. Recommendations on how to use gene testing to prevent sudden cardiac death in athletes and enable safe exercise are published today in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, a journal of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). "There are going to be kiddos, even if they do have the gold standard cardiac workup, who are going to suffer sudden cardiac arrest," he said. "I guess it helps to know that. "SometimesI say, 'Is this my world? "Why would you wake up in this pain every day?" Aetiology and incidence of sudden cardiac arrest and death in young competitive athletes in the USA: a 4-year prospective study. Other heart anomalies that can contribute to sudden cardiac death include: Dilated cardiomyopathy and Brugada syndrome can also be acquired conditions. Teresa took Zac to his pediatrician who ordered an EKG and echocardiogram. And, after college, Zac was to take over Liquid Packaging Solutions in LaPorte from Teresa. A heart condition, myocarditis, has been found in a number of U.S. college athletes who have had COVID-19, a new study finds. However, we could go through all that, and we could stop enjoying the charms of football for a while. Some argued that the main reason was the vaccine, while some believed that heart problems could be caused by COVID, ie its consequences after some time. ScienceDaily, 16 June 2022. We avoid using tertiary references. No mother should feel the way the moms of Jake, Zac and Mark feel.. Dutch speed skater Kjeld Nuis, 32, who is also included, did have a heart problem in July 2021 a week after he received the COVID-19 vaccine, according to news In older athletes, its coronary artery disease. All had normal TnI levels and no cardiac symptoms; CMR showed no myocardial or pericardial edema or LGE. Growingup, he wasalways involved with sports, always outside playing with his friends. In her testing, Julie found she, too,had a heart condition calledWolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, meaning she had anextra electrical pathway between herheart'supper and lower chambers that causes a rapid heartbeat. "I am not aware of any reports that vaccines in athletes are causing cardiac issues," he said. The American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (AHA) recommend screening by examining your medical history and performing a physical exam. (2015). "He just was a little protector.". 81.4% were symptomatic with 4.8% experiencing chest pain. The virus or the vaccine can inflame the heart muscle, called the myocardium, or the heart muscle sac, called the pericardium, Martinez explained. Other family members have also learned they have heart conditions.. Cardiac evaluation including ECG, troponin, and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) should be considered in athletes with moderate-to-severe Researchers continue to debate the implementation of screening with an electrocardiogram (ECG), as is done in some countries. College athletes with COVID-19 rarely had heart complications and could safely return to playing sports after recovery, according to new research. "And Ithought I was protecting him," she said. She would pay his AAUbasketball fees if he didn't play football. Martinez said he hasnt identified any athletes who had the COVID-19 disease and a heart-related complication and then died. Lifelong physical activity regardless of dose Is not associated with myocardial fibrosis. As long as he could get himself up 30 days straight, he could make the move, she told him. That fourth voice is Tonya Aerts, a biomedical teacher at Mark's school, New Prairie. She said the school and community weredevastated by Mark's death and she set out todo something about it. "And then we just raced out of there," she said. European Society of Cardiology. Risk factors for atherosclerosis include: Other acquired conditions that can lead to cardiac arrest include: Sudden cardiac arrest, often incorrectly referred to as a heart attack, is characterized by: Sudden cardiac arrest often occurs without warning but may be preceded by: If you develop any signs of a cardiac arrest, its critical to seek immediate medical help. "It's such an unfortunate platform that we have.I shouldn't know these names under these circumstances," said Aerts. ", One example is an inherited condition that can cause sudden cardiac death in athletes called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), where the heart muscle is abnormally thick. The doctor should factor in a patients clinical history and consider referral to a specialist. catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. The video was flagged as part of Facebooks efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. The videos caption further ties the incidents to the vaccines with a question and a series of leading hashtags: "They are at the peak of health, and the top of their profession. But she can't live in a world of what-ifs. 1800 I Street NW He called the HighWire video "a classic example of disinformation.". WebAthletes heart is the name for the changes that happen in your heart when you do strenuous exercise for more than one hour on most days of the week. Athletes with HCM should undergo comprehensive clinical evaluation to assess their risk of sudden cardiac death and then be offered an exercise prescription. Identification of different genetic subtypes (LQT 1-3) can inform the risk of arrhythmias, identify potential triggers to be avoided, and help to target medical therapies and plan exercise advice. "Could you bring me some money momma?" Dorian P, et al. There is $500 billion of unspent COVID money that can be rescinded. (2018). What You Need to Know About Getting Life Insurance After Youve Had a Heart Attack? Adapted from Phelan D, Kim JH, Chung EH. Heeven went to the parade celebration in Chicago. Zac Mago was asleep the morning of July 5, 2018. SARS-CoV-2 cardiac involvement in young competitive athletes. One athlete is too many, say the moms of Jake, Zac and Mark. (2022, June 16). If you have a known heart problem, you can talk with your doctor about whether its safe for you to participate in sports and whether you should undergo further testing. Post-test counselling is critical given the potential psychosocial, financial and mental health implications, particularly if the athlete is excluded from play. (2020). A 2015 study looked at autopsies of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes who died of sudden cardiac arrest from 2003 to 2013. The news resonated in all the media, and many were left shocked after all. The 17-year-old standout John Glenn High basketball player. 2023 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Anheuser-Busch closing half its U.S. breweries after Dylan Mulvaney backlash. The fourth grader can grab it. "It's not one and done.". She knows now she was wrong., "I could havedied anytime," she said. A single study revealed a high prevalence of pericardial involvement, which is discordant from findings reported in other studies. They identified 74 cases of sudden cardiac arrest with survival, and 105 that resulted in death. But there is no evidence COVID-19 vaccines led the athletes in the video to collapse. But after his death, the Westswere tested and they learned there was. We reviewed the news reports mentioned in the video and spoke with a number of sports cardiologists, and we found the claim connecting the two is unfounded.
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