Shot and wounded from a blast from a hand grenade, he died eight days later from blood poisoning by the metal fragments lodged is his body. Heinrich Himmler was born on October 7, 1900 to a middle-class family in Munich, Germany. The exact number of people who vanished under it has never been positively established, but it is estimated to be 7,000. He drove from the castle on the morning of May 27, 1942, to Prague, where his car was ambushed. Later, in the Soviet Union, they were charged with rounding up and murdering Jews via firing squad and gas vans. [15] A talented athlete, he became an expert swimmer and fencer. Notes from the meeting on the solution of Jewish Questions held on 10.10.1941 in Prague", "The Path to the Mass Murder of European Jews, part 2: Letter of 18 September 1941 from Himmler to Reichsstatthalter Greiser", "Grave of top Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich opened in Berlin", "Reinhard Heydrich: A Devil With Many Faces", Documents concerning the Wannsee Conference, Director of the Reich Main Security Office, List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion, National Political Institutes of Education, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Heydrich&oldid=1151613285, German military personnel killed in World War II, Holocaust perpetrators in Bohemia and Moravia, Infectious disease deaths in Czechoslovakia, Recipients of the German Order (decoration), Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 1st class, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Elisabeth Anna Maria Amalia Krantz (mother), This page was last edited on 25 April 2023, at 03:29. [64] At that point, Heydrich was head of the SiPo and SD. [39] At first he had to share an office and typewriter with a colleague, but by 1932 Heydrich was earning 290 Reichsmarks a month (equivalent to 1,191 in 2021), a salary he described as "comfortable". He learned the piano and violin by the time he was six years old. On 30 June 1934 the SS and Gestapo acted in coordinated mass arrests that continued for two days. [115] Heydrich ensured the safety of certain athletes, such as Paul Sommer, a Jewish German champion fencer he knew from his pre-SS days, and the Polish Olympic fencing team that competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics.[116]. [10] Two of his forenames were musical references: "Reinhard" referred to the hero from his father's opera Amen, and "Tristan" stems from Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde. [18], In 1918, World War I ended with Germany's defeat. [84] For each prisoner, the SD had to fill in a questionnaire that listed personal information, country of origin, and the details of their crimes against the Reich. On that day, Klaus was cycling with his brother Heider Heydrich in the courtyard of the Castle Panensk Beany (Jungfern-Breschan). Brother of Reinhard Klaus* Heydrich; Private and Private. Reinhard Heydrich was one of the main architects of the Final Solution.. Heydrich masterminded the plan and toured the site, which was about four miles (6km) from the Polish border. The gestapo and german society political denunciation in. [40] As his power and influence grew throughout the 1930s, his wealth grew commensurately; in 1935 he received a base salary of 8,400 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 38,766 in 2021) and an allowance of 12,000 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 55,379 in 2021) and by 1938 his income increased to 17,371 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 77,580 in 2021), annually. But after consultations with Karl Hermann Frank, he altered his response. By October he had created a network of spies and informers for intelligence-gathering purposes and to obtain information to be used as blackmail to further political aims. [130][131], A Czech woman went to Heydrich's aid and flagged down a delivery van. [138], Heydrich was interred in Berlin's Invalidenfriedhof, a military cemetery. That same year he joined the SS. On 29 November 1939, Heydrich issued a cable about the "Evacuation of New Eastern Provinces", detailing the deportation of people by railway to concentration camps, and giving guidance surrounding the December 1939 census, which would be the basis on which those deportations were performed. [142] Hitler planned for Heydrich to have a monumental tomb (designed by sculptor Arno Breker and architect Wilhelm Kreis) but, due to Germany's declining fortunes, it was never built. [55], Beginning in April 1934, and at Hitler's request, Heydrich and Himmler began building a dossier on Sturmabteilung (SA) leader Ernst Rhm in an effort to remove him as a rival for party leadership. Both villages were razed; the men and boys age 14 and above were shot and most of the women and children were deported and murdered in Nazi concentration camps. [7] He returned to Hamburg with the good news. Kubi received a minor shrapnel wound to his face. Many of Heydrich's fellow cadets falsely regarded him as Jewish. He was shy, insecure, and was frequently bullied for his high-pitched voice and rumoured Jewish ancestry. The Butcher of Prague: 7 Facts About the Life of Nazi Reinhard Heydrich. [8] Lina later stated that Reinhard Heydrich never read Hitler's book, Mein Kampf. He suffered major injuries to his diaphragm, spleen, and one lung, as well as a broken rib. We see Heydrich from his rarefied musical family origins and his ugly-duckling childhood and adolescence, to his sudden flameout as a promising Text at the top reads "Lina, Reinhart Heydrich, and their children," which is contradictory to the sole child appearing in the image. [2][3], On 6 December 1930, aged 19, she attended a rowing-club ball in Kiel and met then Naval Lieutenant Heydrich there. He died June 4 in a Prague hospital. Also known as: Der Henker, Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich, The Hangman. Many historians regard him as the evilest of the Nazi elite, and Hitler referred to him as the man with the iron heart.. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He chaired the 1941 Wannsee Conference in Berlin which signed off the campaign against Jews. WebFamily portrait of Reinhard Heydrich, his wife Lina, and their daughter Silke, all of whom sit on the floor. He avoided capture and returned to Berlin after being rescued by a patrol. The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline. [159] After this Hitler personally ordered Heydrich to return to Berlin to resume his SS duties. In early 1936, Heydrich left the Catholic Church in favour of the Gottglubig movement. This placed a serious strain on their marriage that nearly resulted in divorce. She ran Reinhard Heydrich's former summer house on Fehmarn as a restaurant and inn until it burned down in February 1969, during welding work within the roofspace that caught the thatched roof alight. Himmler was so impressed that he hired Heydrich immediately. For other people with the surname, see, Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia. [150] On 9 June, after discussions with Himmler and Karl Hermann Frank, Hitler ordered brutal reprisals. While Heydrich believed they had deluded Stalin into executing or dismissing 35,000 of his officer corps, the importance of Heydrich's part is a matter of conjecture. [c] The Einsatzgruppen units followed the army into Poland to implement the plans. Given his position, Heydrich was instrumental in carrying out these plans since his Gestapo was ready to organise deportations in the West and his Einsatzgruppen were already conducting extensive killing operations in the East. Himmler gave the eulogy. Heydrich ordered his driver, Klein, to halt and attempted to confront Gabk rather than speed away. Managed by: Michael Rper. He improved his index-card system, creating categories of offenders with colour-coded cards. Outrage is growing in the Czech Republic after the son of the country's bloodthirsty Nazi leader said he wanted to restore the castle where his father lived during the Second World War. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [65], Heydrich was assigned to help organise the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Play it now! [143] The couple had four children: Klaus, born in 1933, killed in a traffic accident in 1943; Heider, born in 1934; Silke, born in 1939; and Marte, born shortly after her father's death in 1942. [117] In May 1941 Heydrich drew up regulations with Quartermaster general Eduard Wagner for the upcoming invasion of the Soviet Union, which ensured that the Einsatzgruppen and army would co-operate in murdering Soviet Jews. Anti-Jewish violence was forbidden for the duration, and news stands were required to stop displaying copies of Der Strmer. [89], On 27 September 1941, Heydrich was appointed Deputy Reich Protector of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (the part of Czechoslovakia incorporated into the Reich on 15 March 1939) and assumed control of the territory. Highly-rated NFL prospect Will Levis puts MAYO in his coffee and eats overripe bananas with the skin ON, PICTURED: Glamorous trader's wife, 32, who blames the ROAD for her 100MPH fatal DWI crash into man who was catapulted 30ft by her Porsche as he walked with his OK Cupid date, 'I'm going to hit the roof with excitement! [139] The exact burial spot is no longer public knowledgea temporary wooden marker that disappeared when the Red Army overran the city in 1945 was never replaced, so that Heydrich's grave could not become a rallying point for Neo-Nazis. Almost all avenues by which Czechs could express the Czech culture in public were closed. Heydrich played a prominent role in the Holocaust. The Gestapo Law, passed in 1936, gave police the right to act extra-legally. Klaus died from his injuries later that afternoon and his body was buried in the garden of the estate. The government had previously declined to pay because of Heydrich's role in the Holocaust. WebBirthdate: December 28, 1934. [87][88] Among the 100,000 people murdered in the Intelligenzaktion operations in 19391940, approximately 61,000 were members of the Polish intelligentsia: scholars, clergy, former officers, and others, whom the Germans identified as political targets in the Special Prosecution Book-Poland, compiled before the war began in September 1939. [79] The Great Purge of the Red Army followed on Stalin's orders. 'He offered to help gain money for it, for instance, via the European Union. WebAlso Known As: Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich Died At Age: 38 Family: Spouse/Ex-: Lina Heydrich father: Richard Bruno Heydrich mother: Elisabeth Krantz siblings: Heinz Heydrich, Q15303817 children: Heider Heydrich, Klaus Heydrich, Marte Heydrich, Silke Heydrich Soldiers War Criminals Height: 1.91 m Died on: June 4, 1942 place of death: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (/hadrk/ HEYE-drik; German: [anhat tstan n had] (listen); 7 March 1904 4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German SS and police official during the Nazi era and a principal architect of the Holocaust. At this point, the SS was still part of the SA, the early Nazi paramilitary organisation which now numbered over 3 million men. [5][6][7] Hitler called him "the man with the iron heart". [94] Heydrich's brutal policies during that time quickly earned him the nickname "the Butcher of Prague". He was baptized a Roman Catholic. Hitler's personal doctor Theodor Morell suggested the use of the new antibacterial drug sulfonamide, but Gebhardt thought that Heydrich would recover and declined the suggestion. This was largely symbolic, as Heydrich was too young for military service. To counteract these rumors, Heydrich told people he had joined several antisemitic and nationalist organizations, such as the Deutschvlkischer Schutz und Trutzbund. [122], Earlier on 31 July 1941, Hermann Gring gave written authorisation to Heydrich to ensure the co-operation of administrative leaders of various government departments in the implementation of a "Final Solution to the Jewish question" in territories under German control. [49], In 1933, Hitler became Chancellor of Germany, and through a series of decrees[50] became Germany's Fhrer und Reichskanzler (leader and chancellor). [140] Nevertheless, on 16 December 2019, the BBC reported that Heydrich's unmarked grave had been opened by unknown persons, without anything being taken. His father, Bruno Heydrich, was an opera singer. By the late 1930s, the duties of Reinhard Heydrich led him to work long hours and often be away from home. Assassinated by a Czech commando squad trained in Britain in 1942, his name is still reviled to this day. Soon afterward Heydrich and Adolf Eichmann began organizing the first deportations of Jews from Germany and Austria to ghettos in occupied Poland. The Nazis wiped out the town of Lidice, killing all the men and shipping women and children to concentration camps after Heydrich was assassinated in 1942. [9] Reinhard was an altar boy, attending evening prayers and Mass every week with his mother as part of the Catholic minority in Halle. [135] He was 38 years old. Goodwill ambassadors were sent to countries that were considering a boycott. [70] In the Anschluss on 12 March, Hitler declared the unification of Austria with Nazi Germany. Reinhard Heydrich, in full Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich, byname The Hangman, German Der Henker, (born March 7, 1904, Halle, Germanydied June 4, 1942, Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia [now in Czech Republic]), Nazi German official who was Heinrich Himmlers chief lieutenant in the Schutzstaffel (Protective Echelon), the paramilitary corps commonly known as the SS. On the afternoon of Tuesday, January 20, 1942, Chief of Security Police and the SD, Reinhard Heydrich, telephoned his superior, Reichsfhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler.He had much to tell him. They had 4 children: Heider Heydrich, Marte Heydrich, Silke Heydrich and Klaus Heydrich. Historians regard Heydrich as the most fearsome member of the Nazi elite. "armdn generl in memoriam Alois Eli", "Pohnut Osudy: Alois Eli. [35] Himmler asked Heydrich to convey his ideas for developing an SS intelligence service. In 1926 he advanced to the rank of ensign (Leutnant zur See) and was assigned as a signals officer on the battleship SMS Schleswig-Holstein, the flagship of Germany's North Sea Fleet. [57] The purge became known as the Night of the Long Knives. After Heydrich's funeral in Berlin - the biggest of its kind in Nazi Germany - he and his mother continued to live in the castle until approaching Red Army troops forced them in 1945 to head back into Germany, where he now lives. Heydrich reinhard tristan encyclopedia. [77] Heydrich became the president of the International Criminal Police Commission (later known as Interpol) on 24 August 1940,[78] and its headquarters were transferred to Berlin. [46] Gercke reported that Heydrich was "of German origin and free from any coloured and Jewish blood". [3] He was also a friend of Lina Heydrich, Reinhard Heydrich's wife. Eberstein met Heydrich at the railway station and took him to see Himmler. Reynard Heydrich lived in the lower castle and his family continued to live there until the Red Army forced them out in 1945. The project was named Operation Reinhard after Heydrich. During World War II, while serving as one of the highest ranking officers in the SS, Heydrich was also a Reserve Officer in the less intimidating rank of a Luftwaffe Captain. Intelligence falsely linked the assassins to the towns of Lidice and Leky. WebTIL legend states that Reinhard Heydrich, high ranking Nazi, is said to have worn the Bohemian crown while overseeing occupied Czechoslovakia, an act which if done by a usurper is said to mean certain death within a year. Heydrich labelled them "economic criminals" and "enemies of the people", which helped gain him support. These included the German Order,[167] Blood Order,[136] Golden Party Badge, Luftwaffe Pilot's Badge, bronze and silver Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for combat missions, and the Iron Cross First and Second Classes.[163]. After Adolf Hitler became chancellor in 1933, Heydrich was appointed chief of the political department of the Munich police force, and he helped bring the political police forces throughout Germany under Himmlers control. [58], With the SA out of the way, Heydrich began building the Gestapo into an instrument of fear. In 1965, she met Finnish theatre director Mauno Manninen while she was on a holiday trip to Finland. He died on 4 June; an autopsy concluded that he died of sepsis. Eventually, they married for the purpose of changing her last name. Lina Mathilde Manninen (ne von Osten, formerly Heydrich; 14 June 1911 14 August 1985) was the wife of Reinhard Heydrich, head of the Reich Security Main Office and a central figure in Nazi Germany. Heinrich Mller was the Gestapo's operations chief. It involved a fake attack on the German radio station at Gleiwitz on 31 August 1939. Sensing an opportunity to strike a blow at both the Soviet Army and Admiral Canaris of Germany's Abwehr, Heydrich decided that the Soviet officer should be "unmasked". Himmler was so impressed that he hired Heydrich immediately as the chief of the new SS 'Ic Service' or Intelligence Service (which later became known as the Sicherheitsdienst (SD)). [93][b] Those who were not executed were sent to Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, where only four per cent of Czech prisoners survived the war. She was entitled to a substantial pension because her husband was a German Police general killed in action. [132] Himmler ordered Karl Gebhardt to fly to Prague to assume care. Heydrich was instrumental in the Nisko and Lublin plans to confine Jews to limited districts set up to contain them and in the proposed deportation of all European Jews to the island of Madagascar, a plan that was never implemented. Rhm was shot without trial, along with the leadership of the SA. He excelled in his schoolwork at the secular "Reformgymnasium", especially in the sciences. He was directly responsible for the Einsatzgruppen, the special task forces that travelled in the wake of the German armies and murdered more than two million people by mass shooting and gassing, including 1.3million Jews. [31][32] Six weeks later, on 14 July, he joined the SS. His mother was Heydrich's godmother. Reinhard Heydrich nel 1940.. L'ideologia delle SS fu costruita e plasmata in base all'ideologia nazista: il punto focale fu la teoria della razza nordica superiore e dell'inferiorit delle altre razze. With this appointment by Hitler, Himmler and his deputy, Heydrich, became two of the most powerful men in the internal administration of Germany. [51] The first concentration camps, which were originally intended to house political opponents, were established in early 1933. Hitler used the ruse as an excuse to launch his invasion. [42], On 1 August 1931, Heydrich began his job as chief of the new 'Ic Service' (intelligence service). Those associated with it or the resistance movement were tortured or executed. At Wannsee, senior Nazi officials formalised plans to deport and exterminate all Jews in German-occupied territory and those countries not yet conquered. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Libor Holik, mayor of the municipality, said: 'I had a chance to talk with Heider Heydrich in order to put the chateau into its original shape. [14], Lina Heydrich was cleared during the de-Nazification proceedings after the war's end. [104], By 3 October 1941, Czechoslovak military intelligence in London had made the decision to kill Heydrich.[105][106]. The Gestapo was considered to be acting legally as long as it was carrying out the leadership's will. They became romantically involved and soon announced their engagement. Heydrich was chief of the Reich Security Main Office (including the Gestapo, Kripo, and SD). Reinhard heydrich wikipedie. Eberstein and Heydrich's families were both from Halle on the Saale. [83] According to the decree, "persons endangering German security" were to be arrested in a maximally discreet way: "under the cover of night and fog". There is no evidence that he participated in the fighting, and when the skirmishes ended, he was part of the force assigned to protect private property. He spoke highly of the movement to Lina and she attended a Party rally in 1929 where Adolf Hitler spoke. [110], When Hitler asked for a pretext for the invasion of Poland in 1939, Himmler, Heydrich, and Heinrich Mller masterminded a false flag plan code-named Operation Himmler. Wearing Polish uniforms, 150 German troops carried out several attacks along the border. Tens of thousands more passed through the camp before being sent East to be murdered. [26] Early in 1931 Heydrich was charged with "conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman" for a breach of promise, having been engaged to marry another woman he had known for six months before the Lina von Osten engagement. By 1921, few townspeople there could afford a musical education at Bruno Heydrich's conservatory. Do not sell or share my personal information. [101], Despite public displays of goodwill towards the populace, privately Heydrich was very clear about his eventual goal: "This entire area will one day be definitely German, and the Czechs have nothing to expect here." In response, Hitler authorised the destruction of the towns Lidice and Lezaky - including the killing of all the men and transporting of women and children to concentration camps. Funeral of nazi ss reinhard heydrich aka butcher of prague 1942 british path. [31], In 1931, Heinrich Himmler began setting up a counterintelligence division of the SS. By Lisette Allen 1st September 2017 The killing of Reinhard Heydrich, a key architect of the Final Solution, was one of the greatest acts of wartime resistance in occupied Europe. Under Defense Minister Gustav Noske's directives, a right-wing paramilitary unit was formed and ordered to "recapture" Halle. [140] A recent biography of Heydrich also places the grave in Section A. [13] The family lived there until April 1945 when they, along with many other Germans left the area to flee the advancing Soviet Red Army. Their father, Bruno Heydrich was a composer and opera singer. [10] He engaged his younger brother, Heinz, in mock fencing duels. [13], In recognition of her husband's service to the Nazi cause, Hitler gave to Lina the country estate of Jungfern-Breschan in rural Bohemia. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [46] Wilhelm Canaris said he had obtained copies of documents proving Heydrich's Jewish ancestry.
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