governed by [32] Firishta, a Persian historian, recorded that by 1429 the seat of government of the Gujarat Sultanate in north Konkan had transferred from Thane to Mahim. The arrest led to huge scale protests across the city. [172] During the 1970s, coastal communication increased between Bombay and south western coast of India, after introduction of ships by the London-based trade firm Shepherd. The original work is not included in the purchase of this review. more or less completed by the first half of the century. [45] The marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Portugal on 8 May 1661 placed Bombay in British possession as a part of Catherine's dowry to Charles. Dan Ives of Wedbush Securities, an investment firm . y the late 20th century the factories started to decline along the each given over to one person, and a common toilet. [26] He belonged to either the Yadava dynasty of Devagiri in Maharashtra or the Anahilavada dynasty of Gujarat. [121] The Bombay Electric Supply and Transport (BEST), originally set up as a tramway company: Bombay Tramway Company Limited, was established in 1873. During the last half of the late 19th century, Chicago proved to be the fastest growing city in the world. [124] Electricity arrived in Bombay in 1882 and Crawford Market was the first establishment to be lit up by electricity. [7] They were Dravidian in origin and included a large number of scattered tribes along the Vindhya Plateau, Gujarat, and Konkan. increase in the number of mills. The Portuguese Viceroy declined to interfere and Shipman was prevented from landing in Bombay. 75 people were killed and 350 were injured. the Deccan to the British power, improved communications between Bombay [170] In the late 1960s, Nariman Point and Cuffe Parade were reclaimed and developed. This had long been a mainstay of Bombay's commerce. agreement with the East India Company. Instructions for Contributors at Cambridge Journals Online. 1803 - Fire. Overcrowding, traffic congestion, environmental pollution, and widespread poverty, however, remained major ongoing problems. [179] The Jawaharlal Nehru Port was commissioned on 26 May 1989 at Nhava Sheva with a view to de-congest Bombay Harbour and to serve as a hub port for the city. "Jobbers and the emergence of trade unions in Bombay city. Castella de Aguada (Fort of the Waterpoint) was built by the Portuguese at Bandra in 1640 as a watchtower overlooking the Mahim Bay, the Arabian Sea and the southern island of Mahim. [144] On 22 July 1908, Lokmanya Tilak, the principal advocate of the Swadeshi movement in Bombay, was sentenced to six years rigorous imprisonment, on the charge of writing inflammatory articles against the Government in his newspaper Kesari. [171] During the 1970 there were Bombay-Bhiwandi riots. Bombay plague epidemic - Wikipedia [100] In May 1804, Bombay was hit by a severe famine, which led to a large-scale emigration. [180] In December 1992 January 93, over 1,000 people were killed and the city paralyzed by communal riots between the Hindus and the Muslims caused by the destruction of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya. The 1920 Census revealed that more Americans lived in cities than the countryside for the first time. [21] The Walkeshwar Temple was constructed during the 10th century[22] and the Banganga Tank during the 12th century under the patronage of the Silhara rulers. I am looking for population data (or datasets) for Mumbai/Bombay, India going back as far as 1850s. Collectively these works make a significant contribution to the appreciation of such matters as working-class politics, the changing character of workers' neighbourhoods, land use, urban planning, and the ways the city has been imagined and experienced by its citizens. In 1849 the Great Indian Peninsular (GIP) Railways was incorporated The pioneering work of Solow (1957) and Abramovitz (1956) both suggested that expansion in labor and capital accounted for no more than 15% of total growth in US output per head between the middle of the 19th century and the 1950s. The evolution of Bombay's multifaceted socio-cultural identity and its development as India's business capital have been influenced historically by diverse political and economic factors. Further tectonic activity in the region led to the formation of hilly islands separated by a shallow sea. The empire's patronage made the islands a centre of Buddhist religion and culture. [citation needed] Later, between the 2nd century BCE and 10th century CE, the islands came under the control of successive indigenous dynasties: the Satavahanas, Abhiras, Vakatakas, Kalachuris, Konkan Mauryas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Silharas& Chollas. [80] The arrival of many Indian and British merchants led to the development of Bombay's trade by the end of the seventeenth century. At the same time, these works all shift their analytic frameworks as they approach more contemporary periods and this restricts the authors' ability to assess fully the character of urban change. of this century, the importance of Bombay as a centre of cotton trade, [110] The Bombay Gymkhana was formed in 1875. The founding of the CIT and the new suburbs. [13] The islands were known as Heptanesia (Ancient Greek: A Cluster of Seven Islands) to the Greek geographer Ptolemy in 150CE. Early Labor Unions. [64][65] The Company immediately set about the task of opening up the islands by constructing a quay and warehouses. their villages. Mumbai continued to grow and prosper in the 21st century, in large part because of advances in the technology sector. The Dutch arrived first, closely followed by the British. [189] On 27 January 2003, a bomb placed on a bicycle exploded near the Vile Parle station in Mumbai. Why sanitation, spearhead of urban improvement in the 19th century, has Cambridge University Press is committed by its charter to disseminate knowledge as widely as possible across the globe. [66] George Oxenden became the first Governor of Bombay under the English East India Company on 23 September 1668. [187], During the 21st century, the city suffered several bombings. 2 19th century. The city's physical structure and land use has been greatly influenced by its movement patterns (migration into . Among the most notable of those were the bombing of a train in July 2006 and the simultaneous siege of several sites in the city in late November 2008; nearly 200 lives were lost in each of the two incidents. [66] A customs house was also built. that the cotton boom was bringing in. Under the Yadavas of Devagiri (later Daulatabad; 11871318), the settlement of Mahikavati (Mahim) on Bombay Island was founded in response to raids from the north by the Khalji dynasty of Hindustan in 1294. Forjett had the alleged ring-leaders blown from cannon on that day. among the British, but also among Indians. Mumbai is India's largest industrial, financial and commercial centre. [67] In 1686, the Company shifted its main holdings from Surat to Bombay, which had become the administrative centre of all the west coast settlements then. Population growth would begin to increase in the 1920s, as a result of falling mortality. [191] On 28 July 2003, a bomb placed under a seat of a BEST bus exploded in Ghatkopar. India reverted to the British Crown. [5] After a series of attacks by the Gujarat Sultanate, the islands were recaptured by Sultan Bahadur Shah. [75][76] Bombay was placed at the head of all the Company's establishments in India. This paper calls upon historians to continue to apply the tools of social history, particularly its reliance on close microcosmic studies of particular places and groups over long periods of time, as they try to bridge the gap between the early twentieth century and the later twentieth century. [55] The shipbuilding industry started in Bombay in 1735[83] and soon the Naval Dockyard was established in the same year. The Economic and Political Weekly, published from Mumbai, is an Indian institution which enjoys a global reputation for excellence in independent scholarship and critical inquiry. Historian Paul Moon has looked in depth at the development of Auckland over the 10 decades from 1900, drawing on diaries, newspapers and oral histories of the time. Historical Roots of Industrialisation and the Emerging State in Trombay and Chembur were granted to Dom Roque Tello de Menezes, and the Island of Pory (Elephanta Island) to Joo Pirez in 1548. This volcanic activity resulted in the formation of basaltic outcrops, such as the Gilbert Hill, that are seen at various locations in the city. [28] He is also supposed to have brought Palshis,[29] Pachkalshis,[29] Bhandaris, Vadvals, Bhois, Agris and Brahmins to these islands. Bombay was renamed Mumbai on 6 March 1996. The growth of Mumbai is remarkable in the sense that it was a set of seven small islands inhabited by traditional fisherman mostly. In the second half of the 19th century, a large textile industry grew up in the city and surrounding towns, operated by Indian entrepreneurs. In response to those problems, the City Improvement Trust was established to open new localities for settlement and to erect dwellings for the artisan classes. [citation needed] The Delhi Sultanate captured the islands in 1348, and they were later passed to the Sultanate of Guzerat from 1391. [188] The bombing occurred on the tenth anniversary of the demolition of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya. [67] Gerald Aungier, who was appointed Governor of Bombay in July 1669, established the first mint in Bombay in 1670. With their regional control for over 200 years, it paved a way for modernization of the country thereby significantly influencing the art, culture and architecture. (PDF) Limits to Urban Growth - The case of Mumbai - ResearchGate [183] In 1996, the newly elected Shiv Sena-led government renamed the city of Bombay to the native name Mumbai, after the Koli native Marathi people Goddess Mumbadevi. There was strong [20] Dantidurga of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty of Karnataka conquered the islands during 749750. Mumbai's population exceeds 12.4 million, with another 8 million living in the greater metropolitan area; this total of more than 20 million ranks Mumbai's metropolitan population as the fourth highest in the world. The crown ceded it to the East India Company in 1668. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions This process accelerated with the completion of was then made Commissioner of the Deccan in 1818. [61][62] However, Salsette, Mazagaon, Parel, Worli, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala still remained under Portuguese possession. Historian Paul Moon on Auckland through the 20th century | RNZ [citation needed] Later, between the 2nd century BCE and 10th . In the latter part of the 19th century, many cotton spinning and weaving mills also came up in Bombay. in this century. A Judge-Advocate was appointed for the purpose of civil administration. Please help by moving some material from it into the body of the article. The labour force was constituted mainly [103] By 1830, regular communication with England started by steamers navigating the Red and Mediterranean Sea. [11] The Mauryas were feudatories of Kalachuris,[11] and the Jogeshwari Caves were constructed during their regime between 520 and 525. Growth of Mumbai The following is a timeline of the growth of Mumbai 's population over the last four centuries: 1661: 10000 inhabitants [1] 1664: 15000 [1] 1673: 60000 [1] (Fryer) 1675: 60000 1718: 16000 [1] (Cobbe) 1744: 70000 [1] (Niebuhr) (large influx of people during the busy season) Most often, the mill workers were men whose families stayed back in [178] On 17 May 1984, riots broke out in Bombay, Thane, and Bhiwandi after a saffron flag was placed at the top of a mosque. The islands were wrested from Pratapbimba's control by Mubarak Khan, a self-proclaimed regent of the Khalji dynasty, who occupied Mahim and Salsette in 1318. area; it remains so even now. [141] The Dadar-Matunga-Wadala-Sion scheme, the first planned suburban scheme in Bombay, was formulated in 18991900 by the Bombay City Improvement Trust to relieve congestion in the centre of the town, following the plague epidemics. One arguably positive result of European colonialism has been. The line was inaugurated on April 6, 1853. [55] By 1710, the construction of Bombay Castle was finished, which fortified the islands from sea attacks by European pirates and the Marathas. In the early 21st century Mumbai experienced a number of terrorist attacks. This act allowed a rebuilding of the core area of the city with the money It connected Bombay Island to Kurla in Salsette. The Bombay metro area faced some unfortunate events like the inter-communal riots of 199293, while the 1993 Mumbai bombings caused extensive loss of life and property. Such a group of chawls Around 83 people were killed. The city was ruled in the 6th8th century by the Chalukyas, who left their mark on Elephanta Island (Gharapuri). [50] Garcia de Orta, a Portuguese physician and botanist, was granted the possession of Bombay in 1554 by viceroy Pedro Mascarenhas. Russia has returned to its pre-20th century role, tension between Greece and Turkey is heightened and the revolutions of 1848 feel less distant Viewed on a timeline, the events and the people of . [63] On 21 September 1668, the Royal Charter of 27 March 1668, led to the transfer of Bombay from Charles II to the English East India Company for an annual rent of 10 (equivalent retail price index of 1,226 in 2007) or Indian Rs 1,48,000 today. 1803. Western colonialism - The new imperialism (c. 1875-1914) [157] The climatic Quit India rebellion was promulgated on 7 August 1942 by the Congress in a public meeting at Gowalia Tank. Colaba in 1844, establishing this newly opened up section as an [72] Yakut Khan, the Siddi admiral of the Mughal Empire, landed at Bombay in October 1672 and ravaged the local inhabitants there. Rethinking the Twentieth-Century History ofMumbai* History, Culture and the Indian City: Essays by Rajnarayan Chandavarkar. Slums spread across the city and epidemics of plague added to the already high mortality rates. 14.1 A Brief History of Urbanization - Social Problems state. Bhima of Mahikavati established a small kingdom in the area during the late 13th century, and brought settlers. Later, his brother-in-law Nagardev for 17 years till 1348. The Making of Bombay - JSTOR The Remaking of Bombay The last years of the 19th century ended with a textile manufacturing boom, and attracted huge numbers of workers to a city unprepared to give them healthy living quarters. Request Permissions, Review by: The tragedy was to have a positive was at Kirki in November 1817. In 1885 the first session of the Indian National Congress (Congress Party; a focus of both pro-Indian and anti-British sentiment until independence) was held in the city, where subsequently, at its 1942 session, the Congress Party passed the Quit India resolution, which demanded complete independence for India. [98] The construction of the Sion Causeway was completed in 1802 by Governor Jonathan Duncan. [54] During this time, Bombay's main trade was coconuts and coir. 6 References. Their religious practices could be summed up as animism. How the Second Industrial Revolution Changed People's Lives - History Montstuart Elphinstone [146] Lord Willingdon convened the Provincial War Conference at Bombay on 10 June 1918, whose objective was to seek the co-operation of the people in the World War I measures which the British Government thought it necessary to take in the Bombay Presidency. October, 1884 Protocols of the Proceedings", "The New Annual Register, Or General Repository of History, Politics, and Literature, for the Year 1813", "Bombay in the making: Being mainly a history of the origin and growth of judicial institutions in the Western Presidency, 16611726", "Indian Shipping: A Case Study of the Working of Imperialism", "Portuguese Settlements on the Western Coast", "Essays on Indian Antiquities, Historic, Numismatic, and Palographic, of the Late James Prinsep", "Bombay Place-Names and Street-Names:An excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City", Portuguese India History: The Northern Province: Bassein, Bombay-Mumbai, Damao, Chaul, A collection of pages on Mumbai's History, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (Prince of Wales Museum), Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST), Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, Institute of Chemical Technology (formerly UDCT), Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI), Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies (JBIMS), SP Jain Institute of Management and Research, Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research and Entrepreneurship Education(SIMSREE), Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics, V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Raja Shivaji Vidyalaya (King George High School), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences (UM-DAE CBS), Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago, Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Mumbai&oldid=1150987842, Articles with dead external links from August 2021, Articles with dead external links from March 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from February 2023, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from June 2022, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from June 2022, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Chandavarkar, Rajnarayan. [127] The Princess Dock was built in 1885 as part of a scheme for improving the whole foreshore of the Bombay harbour. [81] By 26 December 1715, Charles Boone assumed the Governorship of Bombay. Cholera epidemics hit unsanitary cities hardest, and The Times newspaper in London labelled cholera "the best of all sanitary reformers".
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