Under this political climate, Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor of Germany in January 1933. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. President Paul von Hindenburg appointed a minority government, headed by the Centre Party's Heinrich Brning, which could only govern by using Hindenburg's emergency powers. Since 1929, Germany had been suffering from the Great Depression; unemployment had risen from 8.5% to nearly 30% between 1929 and 1932,[2] while industrial production dropped by around 42%. the Proceedings of the APSA. Close 54 Posted by1 year ago West Yorkshire, Down with Bolshevism; 5. Business must serve the people; 6. It remains, until today, the last direct election of the German President. Hitler succeeded Hindenburg as head of state upon his death in 1934, whereafter he abolished the office entirely, and replaced it with the new position of Fhrer und Reichskanzler ("Leader and Reich Chancellor"), cementing his rule. Von Papen resigned on November 17th 1932. Under the Weimar system, the presidency was a powerful office and, following his re-election, Hindenburg played an important role in the coming to power of the Nazis, reluctantly appointing Hitler as Chancellor of Germany in January 1933. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. The American Political Science Review (APSR) is the longest running Hostname: page-component-75b8448494-wwvn9 Adolf Hitler salutes his supporters as he drives down the streets of Berlin, celebrating his intention to run in the German presidential election. WebThe German Presidental Election of 1932. Hindenburg, a monarchist and conservative, was personally offended by Hitler's gaining of most of righting votes. outside academe in government, research, organizations, consulting firms, the The American Political Science Review All Rights Reserved. The Nazi Party, now in charge, campaign to consolidate their power into a complete dictatorship. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions The presidential election was important because it showed how popular Hitler was. Jahrbuch der Deutschen Sozialdemocratie (1930), p. 303Google Scholar. While it's easy to forget or misunderstand this, during the 1932 federal elections, nearly 14 million Germans voted for Hitler, the Nazis, and fascism. That inevitably led to clashes with the Communist paramilitary. Under the electoral law, a candidate who received an absolute majority of votes (i.e. The authority of leadership Saving the farmer means saving the German nation; 4. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=German_presidential_election,_1932&oldid=3667221, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. This would be the last presidential election in what would become West Germany and East Germany until 1949. Hitler came second to Hindenburg, who won 53 per cent of the vote to Hitlers 36.8 per cent. Nazi Party NSDAP. President Hindenburg stood for election in 1932 against a backdrop of economic crisis and rising political tensions. President Hindenburg stood for election in 1932 against a backdrop of economic crisis and rising political tensions. With so much debt to pay off, German money became practically worthless. Hindenburg defeated Hitler in a runoff. The Social Democratic leaders Ernst Heilmann and Otto Braun (himself a candidate in the 1925 election) despite the initial resistance of the party's left wing, were able to launch a broad electoral campaign and received the support of the Iron Front alliance, including the democratic Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold association, the Free Trade Unions (ADGB, AfA-Bund) and the Arbeiter-Turn- und Sportbund organization. Gesetz ber die Wahl des Reichsprsidenten, March 6, 1924, par. People's life savings were so worthless that they burned them as kindling. WebUnused ballot distributed for the first round of the 1932 Presidential election in Germany held March 12. Hindenburg died of lung cancer on August 2, 1934. The 1932 German presidential election was held on 13 March, with a runoff on 10 April. Kurt von Schleicher, the new Chancellor of Germany, takes one last look at the placards before casting his vote. Two men put up a poster calling on people to vote for Hitler in the presidential election. WebElecciones presidenciales de Alemania de 1932 (es); 1932 (yue); eleiciones presidenciales d'Alemaa de 1932 (ast); eleccions presidencials alemanyes de 1932 (ca); brings together political scientists from all fields of inquiry, regions, and Voters cast their ballots at Potsdamer Platz, where a sign asking people to vote for Hitler hangs above the entrance. A crowd of supporters swarm around Hitler's car. 20 Fear of communism seems to have been one of the reasons why the government tolerated the Hitler army for so long. Five years after the war ended, it took 4.2 trillion German marks to equal the value of one American dollar. It's a dark, Two successive federal elections later that year left it as the largest party in the Reichstag and anti-republic parties in the majority. 10 Geschftsbericht des Deutschen Beamtenbundes (1930), p. 324Google Scholar. Hitler's paramilitary "Brownshirts" sit down with a farmer and his wife and try to persuade them to vote Nazi. 13 There are at present in Germany ten broadcasting companies, with sixteen substations. There were actually five major elections in 1932. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Current one is: August 19. [1] They were the second and final direct elections to the office of But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Communist Party (KPD) leader Ernst Thlmann also ran and received more than five percent of the vote in the runoff. The NSDAP, whose members were known as "Nazis", had risen from being a fringe group to the second-largest party in the Reichstag. This election was important, first, because the Weimar constitutional system was threatened, and secondly, because the threatening force, Hitlerism, if victorious, not only presaged a profound change in the existing form of government in Germany, but might have been the prelude to internal strife, affecting the financial stake of the world in Germany, and possibly endangering international peace. A truck drives by, covered in propaganda calling on the people to keep Paul von Hindenburg as President of Germany and keep the fascists out. Papens policies failed on another front: His authoritarian rule alienated his supporters, and he too was forced to resign. The Democratic Parties, united under a single banner, drive through the streets of Germany trying to rally the people to keep the fascists and the communists out. The Reichslandbund came out for Hitler in the second election. Vllcischer Beobachter, April 5, 1932, p. 2Google Scholar. The problem was settled (in the second attempt) by Dietrich Klagges, Nazi state minister in Brunswick, when he appointed him a government official. research in colleges and universities in the U.S. and abroad, one-fourth work 18 The Hindenburg parties were: the German People's party, Agricultural party, German Hannoverian party, People's party, Christian Socialists, Center party, Bavarian People's party, Farmers' League, Economic, Democratic, and Social Democratic parties. Hitler had Rhm executed without trial, which encouraged the army and other reactionary forces within the country to urge Hitler to further consolidate his power by merging the presidency and the chancellorship. Duesterberg immediately faced a massive defamation campaign by the Nazis, who, however, still had to procure German citizenship for Hitler. 25 How impossible it is to determine exactly how the votes lost to the Communists, German Nationalists, and Winter were really distributed is shown clearly in an article Die Stimmen-Verschiebung in Das Tagebuch, April 16, 1932Google Scholar. The 1932 election was the second of only two direct presidential elections of the Weimar period. Crowds come out to cast their ballots in the first round of the presidential election. In the first round of voting Hindenburg achieved 49.6% of the votes - just short of the required 50% to be determined the winner (Hitler won 30%). You can navigate days by using left and right arrows. March 7, 1936 Hitler Reoccupies the Rhineland The area known as the Rhineland was a strip of German land that borders France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. And if you liked this post, be sure to check out these popular posts: Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party didn't simply take Germany by force. Adolf Hitler speaks to a crowd, outlining his vision of a fascist Germany and trying to sway voters. Citizens and workers must become Germans; 2. Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi head of propaganda, waves at Hitler as he passes by in his car. President Paul Those close to the president wanted a cozier relationship to Hitler and the Nazis. WebThe 1932 German presidential elections were held on 13 March (first round) and 10 April (second round run-off). To date, therefore, the 1932 election was the last occasion on which a direct presidential election has occurred in Germany. Summary Licensing I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. March 1932: Hindenburg, 18 million votes (49.6%); Hitler, 11 million votes (30%); Thlmann, 5 million votes (14%). Last chance to attend a Grade Booster cinema workshop before the exams. In the second round, the candidate receiving a plurality of votes would be elected. This was the second and final direct election to the office of President of the Reich (Reichsprsident), Germany's head of state under the Weimar Republic. Wahlgang.jpg, Resultado elecciones presidenciales Alemanas de 1932.png, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13314, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Agitator.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13324, Berlin, Lustgarten, Ansprache Hitlers.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-14271B, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Ansprache Adolf Hitler.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 119-1940, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Wahlpropaganda.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 119-1942A, Berlin-Zehlendorf, Rede Joseph Goebbels.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-03156A, Berlin, Propaganda zur Reichsprsidentenwahl.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-03928A, Berlin, Propaganda zur Reichsprsidentenwahl.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R97782, Berlin, Wahlwerbung der NSDAP in.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13355, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Wahlwerbung.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13356, Berlin, Menschen vor Reichsprsidentenpalais.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13357, Berlin, Brning vor Wahllokal.jpg, Stimmzettel zur Reichsprsidentenwahl 1932.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R99203, Berlin, Wahlplakat fr Hindenburg.jpg, Daspolitischepla00scho 0210 Erwin Schockel Das politische Plakat Hitler poster Reichsprsidentenwahl Mrz April 1932 Heinz Franke Druck Mnchen Anonymous No known copyright restrictions.jpg, Nazi Party (NSDAP) election poster 1932 (Hitler portrait, 11 millionen, Gib auch du deine Stimme dem Manne der Kraft). Although the Weimar Constitution had provided for a semi-presidential republic, structural weaknesses and political polarization had resulted in a paralyzed Reichstag and this combined with the Great Depression resulted in a government that had governed exclusively via presidential decrees since March 1930, giving the President much power. The September 1930 elections produced a highly fragmented Reichstag, making the formation of a stable government impossible. This reduced their votes from 230 - 196 votes.. } What happened in the presidential election in 1932? APSR, Brning's policies, implemented via presidential decree and tolerated by parliament, failed to solve the economic crisis and weakened the parliamentary system. 23 This conclusion is well elaborated in an article by Zehrer, Hans, Die Frhjahrs offensive, in Die Tat, April, 1932, pp. 24 On April 5, 1932, Hitler published his program, the section headings of which were: 1. WebThe 1932 United States elections were held on November 8, during the Great Depression.The presidential election coincided with U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and The Nazi Party lost the presidential election, but they didn't give up. [2] In March 1930, the governing grand coalition of the pro-republican partiesthe Social Democratic Party (SPD), the Centre Party and both liberal partiescollapsed. On What were the results of the presidential election of 1932? All other parties combined held less than half the seats in the Reichstag, meaning no majority coalition government could be formed without including at least one of these two parties. WebResults of the first round of the 1932 German presidential election by administrative district (Kreis), indicating the most popular candidate. After this look at the Hitler election of 1932, check out these pictures of the Nazi propaganda machine and life in Nazi Germany. The expectations of the Communists presenting "the only left candidate" were not fulfilled, nevertheless they continued their fight against the policies of the Social Democrats and nominated Thlmann for the second round on April 10. The elections resulted in significant gains by the Nazi Party; with 230 seats, it became the largest party in parliament for the first time, but lacked an overall majority. There were two rounds to the presidential election of 1932. Summary Licensing I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. 6 Handbuch fr das Deutsche Reich (1931), pp. The combined effect of these two influences resulted in a reversal of those who supported Hindenburg between the two elections. Protect the workingman; 7. On the far-right, the Harzburg Front collapsed, when the DNVP nominated the Stahlhelm leader Theodor Duesterberg as its own candidate. Hindenburg was elected president by an outcome of 53%, while Hitler could significantly increase his results by more than two million votes compared to the first round obviously profiting from Duesterberg's retreat. He wanted the chancellorship for himself. The business organizations, such as the Reichsverband der Deutschen Industrie, took no official position in either election. In 1932, German President Paul von Hindenburg, old, tired, and a bit senile, had won re-election as president but had lost a considerable portion of his He increased his profile by travelling around the country to give speeches. Slowly, the fascist, racist Nazi Party seemed, to some people, like a solution to the country's problems. WebResults of the second round of the 1932 German presidential election by administrative district (Kreis), indicating the most popular candidate. Hindenburg 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. With this fear removed after the results of the election were known, belief in Hitler's promise gave way to distrust and a desire to cripple the movement. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Nazi Party poster with photographs of 20 men supporting Hitler or Hindenburg in the 1932 presidential election. Mnchner Stadtmuseum, Munich, Germany 2014.jpg, Nazi Party (NSDAP) election poster Germany 1932. The German government of Chancellor Heinrich Brning had developed plans to evade direct elections by a Reichstag resolution to extend Hindenburg's time in office and arranged significant concessions to be made to Hitler's Nazi Party and the German National People's Party (DNVP) under chairman Alfred Hugenberg. Enter a date in the format M/D (e.g., 1/1), Adolf Hitler becomes president of Germany, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/adolf-hitler-becomes-president-of-germany, Benjamin Banneker writes to Thomas Jefferson, urging justice for African Americans, West Memphis Three released from prison after 18 years, Captured U.S. spy pilot sentenced in Russia, First race is held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, President Wilson appears before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, The Beatles kick off first U.S. tour at San Franciscos Cow Palace, CIA-assisted coup overthrows government of Iran. ; seconde lection au suffrage universel direct du prsident du Reich; Wahl in derWeimarer Republik; ; German presidential election, 1932; Reichsprsidentenwahl von 1932; 1932.; 1932.. The Stahlhelm, which supported Duesterberg in the first election, took no official stand in the second. Backed by the Communist International, it was hoped that he would gain support from left-wing Social Democrats disgusted by Hindenburg's character. Mrz, 1932, report published by the minister of the Department of the Interior. Clever Lili is here to help you ace your exams. Joseph Goebbels addresses a massive crowd that has come out to support the Nazi Party. 1932 American Political Science Association If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The "Brownshirts" keep people in line at a Nazi Party rally. The Nazis put Hitler on the ballot paper to stand against Hindenburg. WebIn an April 1932 presidential run-off election, Hitler had received 37% of the vote. Led by Hitler, who exercised sole control over its policy and direction, its ideology combined extreme hostility towards the Weimar Republic with fervent antisemitism and German nationalism. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. While Hindenburg was frontrunner, Hitler's performance was shockingly high. We choose Hinderburg is written in pseudo-Hebrew font and his supporters are men who brought shame on Germany with the Versailles Treaty, as well as years of social unrest and hyperinflation. [3] Papen's minority government continued in office, leading to another early election in November. [citation needed] In view of that threat, the Social Democrats and Brning's Centre Party would support Hindenburg in contrast to the 1925 presidential election, when the non-partisan had been the candidate of the political right and had been strenuously opposed by much of the moderate left and political centre. more than half) in the first round was elected. The German National People's Party in an earlier election, drives through the streets with an anti-semitic poster on their truck. They promised to tear up the Treaty of Versailles, refuse to pay their debts, and take back the land that had been taken from them after the war. Independent candidate Crown Prince Wilhelm von Hohenzollern won against Social Democrat Otto Braun. Under the Weimar Republic, which had arisen from Germany's defeat in World War I, the presidency was a powerful office. 5 Dr.Kaisenberg, Georg, Die Wahl des Beichsprsidenten (Carl Heymanns, 1932), supp. In January 1933, Hitler was named chancellor of Germany. Federal elections were held in Germany on 31 July 1932, following the premature dissolution of the Reichstag. The Nazi Party made significant gains and became the largest party in the Reichstag for the first time, although they failed to win a majority. The Communist Party increased their vote share as well. WebIn 1932 Germany needed a new president and Hitler became the candidate the for the Nazi Party and due to his speeches became the president, his speeches, however, Were anti-semitic and caused them to be opressed in many waysIn 1932 Germany needed a new president and Hitler became the candidate the for the Nazi Party and due to his speeches The writer Gerhart Hauptmann, painter Max Liebermann, Artur Mahraun, leader of the Young German Order, the industrialist Carl Duisberg, as well as the former ministers Otto Gessler and Gustav Noske were among the signatories of the appeal, which convinced Hindenburg to run. The Nazis put Hitler on the ballot paper to The last election had been held in 1925. The Nazi Party fed upon this desperation. Published online by Cambridge University Press: The Communist Party increased their vote share as well. For more information about the APSA, its This page was last edited on 24 January 2022, at 00:11.
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